Microcontroller

A Microcontroller is a single chip computer. It's core is a CPU, around which there is RAM, Flash memory (for program and constant data) and typically I/O units (Peripherals). Most microcontrollers also come with built-in oscillators in order to reduce the number of external components needed.

CPU

Most of today's microcontrollers are built around a 8/16 or 32-bit CPU core. However, there are also microcontrollers with multiple CPUs.

RAM

RAM stands for Random Access Memory.

Flash Memory

Flash Memory is an electronic data storage medium.

Oscillator

An oscillator is a device that, given a certain frequency and constant voltage, can be used as a clock.

Peripherals

A Peripheral is a hardware device other than the processor and the memory.