Microcontroller
A Microcontroller is a single chip computer. It's core is a CPU, around which there is RAM, Flash memory (for program and constant data) and typically I/O units (Peripherals).
Contents
CPU
Today's microcontrollers are built around a 8/16 or 32-bit CPU core. However, there are also microconttrollers with multiple CPUs.
RAM
RAM stands for Random Access Memory.
Flash memory
Flash Memory is an electronic data storage medium.
Oscillator
An oscillator is a device that, given a certain frequency and constant voltage, can be used as a clock.
Peripherals
More to come.